Without writing, the literate mind would not and could not think as it does, not only when engaged in writing but normally even when it is composing its thoughts in oral form. More than any other single invention, writing has transformed human consciousness. (Ong, 1982, p.77) Do you agree about the primacy Ong (1982) gives to the print tradition in this quote, or rather do you think orality offers more to society than print. Justify your response with TWO clear arguments drawing on the sources. USE QUOTES FROM any three of the following sources, plus at least one additional source of your own choice, to build your argument. AND PROVIDE IN CITATION Friskie, S. M. (2020). The healing power of storytelling: Finding identity through narrative. The Arbutus Review, 11(1), 19-27. https://journals.uvic.ca/index.php/arbutus/article/view/19324/8643 Kalantzis, M. and Cope, B. (2021). Levi-Strauss on the functions of writing. Literacies. https://newlearningonline.com/literacies/chapter-1/levi-strauss-on-the-functions-of-writing *To source this as an in-text citation it should be (Levi-Strauss as cited in Kalantzis & Cope, 2021) Kalantzis,M. and Cope, B. (2021). Ong on the differences between orality and literacy. Literacies.https://newlearningonline.com/literacies/chapter-1/opreng-on-the-differences-between-orality-and-literacy *To source this as an in-text citation it should be (Ong as cited in Kalantzis & Cope, 2021) MacNeil, C. (2007, Winter). Orality. Uchicagoedublogs. https://csmt.uchicago.edu/glossary2004/orality.htm Musée de la civilisation (2021). Why rock art? Images on Stone. https://imagesdanslapierre.mcq.org/en/discover/why/
The debate surrounding the primacy of the print tradition versus the merits of orality has been a topic of contention for scholars and thinkers over the years. In the quote from Ong (1982), we observe a strong assertion regarding the transformative impact of writing on human consciousness, suggesting a leaning towards the print tradition. However, to truly evaluate whether orality offers more to society than print, it is essential to consider the arguments presented by various experts in the field. In this essay, we will draw on insights from Ong (1982), Friskie (2020), Kalantzis and Cope (2021), MacNeil (2007), and an additional source, “Images on Stone” from Musée de la civilisation (2021), to provide a comprehensive analysis of this age-old debate.
Ong’s (1982) quote underscores the transformative power of writing on human consciousness. It highlights the role of writing, a cornerstone of the print tradition, in shaping how we think and communicate. Writing allows us to structure complex ideas, store and transmit information, and accumulate knowledge over time (Kalantzis & Cope, 2021). This perspective gives credence to the idea that writing, as part of the print tradition, plays a pivotal role in human development.
Friskie (2020) introduces an alternative perspective, focusing on the healing power of storytelling. Orality, through narratives and spoken word traditions, offers a profound connection to culture, identity, and shared experiences. It provides a channel for expressing emotions, preserving cultural heritage, and maintaining a sense of community. Indigenous cultures, as MacNeil (2007) explains, have relied heavily on oral traditions, using stories, songs, and spoken words to convey history, moral values, and strengthen social bonds.
Musée de la civilisation’s “Images on Stone” (2021) demonstrates the importance of visual orality through rock art. This form of communication predates written language and offers a unique glimpse into how ancient cultures conveyed their stories and experiences through images etched on stone. Such visual orality serves as a testament to the significance of oral traditions in human history.
While Ong’s perspective aligns with the significance of the print tradition in shaping human consciousness, it is imperative to recognize that orality has its unique strengths. Oral traditions, as emphasized by Friskie (2020) and MacNeil (2007), are essential in preserving cultural heritage, maintaining community bonds, and conveying history. The relative importance of orality versus print may vary based on cultural and historical contexts, and it is essential to acknowledge the invaluable contributions of both in shaping human society.
In the ongoing debate over the primacy of the print tradition versus the significance of orality, we find that both have made profound contributions to human society. Writing, as part of the print tradition, has undoubtedly transformed human consciousness, enabling structured communication and knowledge transmission. Simultaneously, orality, with its focus on storytelling and spoken traditions, plays a crucial role in preserving culture, maintaining community bonds, and conveying history. The importance of each may differ based on historical and cultural contexts, but both have been instrumental in shaping the diverse tapestry of human civilization.
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