Accounting Questions: Reconciliation, Contract Methods, and Revenue Allocation

QUESTION

The following differences enter into the reconciliation of…

The following differences enter into the reconciliation of financial income and taxable income of Abbott Company for the year ended December 31, 2020, its first year of operations. The enacted income tax rate is 30% for all years.

  • Book income $420,000

·     The company has chosen to depreciate all its fixed assets on an accelerated basis for tax purposes but on a straight-line basis for accounting purposes. The excess tax depreciation over book depreciation is 140,000 and will reverse equally over a two-year period, 2021-2022.

·     The company accrued $30,00 in warranty expense in 2020. The warranties are expected to be paid in the amount of $20,000 in 2021 and $10,000 in 2022. These amounts will be deducted on the tax return when paid.

·     In 2020 the company incurred a lawsuit which is probable and estimated at $60,000. It has been properly recorded as a litigation liability at 12/31/20 and will be paid in 2022.

·     In 2020 the company paid $20,000 in fines for violation of pollution laws.

(a)   schedule starting with pretax financial income and compute taxable income.

2020

2021

2022

Deferred Tax amount

Asset or Liability?

(b)    Prepare the journal entry to record income taxes for 2020.

Debit

Credit

24. (20 points) Percentage-of-completion and Completed-Contract methods

Edwards Company contracted on 10/1/20 to construct a warehouse for $720,000. The project was completed in 2022. Additional data follow:

   2020              2021             2022    

Costs incurred to date                                   $  120,000         $380,000          $620,000

Estimated cost to complete                                480,000           240,000               —

Billings each to date                                           250,000           470,000            620,000

Collections each year                                         210,000           290,000            220,000

Instructions

(a) Fill in the correct amounts on the following schedule. For percentage-of-completion accounting and for completed-contract accounting, show the gross profit that should be recorded for 2020, 2021, and 2022.

Percentage-of-Completion

Gross Profit

Completed-Contract

Gross Profit

2020

 

2020

 

2021

 

2021

 

2022

 

2022

Calculations (not required)

(b) Prepare the journal and adjusting journal entries for 2020

Debit

Credit

Debit

Credit

Debit

Credit

Debit

Credit

(c) What accounts and amounts will appear on the Balance Sheet for 2020 using the

Percentage-of-Completion method. Ignore cash.

Balance Sheet

Assets

Liabilities

Current:

Current:

Long-term:

Long-term:

25. (12 points) Theo Inc. sells equipment, installation services and warranty contracts.  Assume that Theo Inc. sells the equipment for $7,500. The company provides installation services to its customers and other companies who do not buy the equipment from Theo Inc. Customers receive a discount if they purchase multiple products/services. Pricing for the equipment is as follows.

Equipment only

$7,500

Equipment with Installation service

8,000

Equipment with warranty contract

7,900

Instructions: On July 1, 2020 Theo Inc. sells equipment to Armande Co. with both the Installation and warranty contract for $8,200.

(a)   Complete the following schedule showing the amount of revenue that should be allocated to the equipment the installation, and to the service contract. Include your calculations.

Calculation

Amount

(b)   Prepare the journal entry to record the sale to Armande Co. on July 1, 2020

Debit

Credit

(c)   Prepare the Theo Inc.’s adjusting entry on December 31, 2020.

Debit

Credit

ANSWER

Accounting Questions: Reconciliation, Contract Methods, and Revenue Allocation

Introduction

In this accounting essay, we will address three distinct scenarios that require accounting treatments and entries. First, we’ll explore how Abbott Company reconciles its financial income and taxable income, considering various differences. Then, we’ll delve into the Percentage-of-Completion and Completed-Contract methods in a construction project undertaken by Edwards Company. Finally, we’ll analyze revenue allocation for Theo Inc., a company selling equipment, installation services, and warranty contracts. Each scenario requires a unique accounting approach, and we’ll provide insights and solutions for each.

Abbott Company’s Reconciliation

 Reconciliation Schedule: Abbott Company needs to reconcile its financial income and taxable income for the year ended December 31, 2020. The enacted income tax rate is 30%. The following differences are considered:

Depreciation Difference: Abbott chose to depreciate fixed assets on an accelerated basis for tax purposes and on a straight-line basis for accounting. The excess tax depreciation over book depreciation is $140,000, reversing equally over 2021 and 2022.

Warranty Expenses: Abbott accrued $30,000 in warranty expenses in 2020. These expenses will be deducted on the tax return when paid – $20,000 in 2021 and $10,000 in 2022.

Lawsuit Liability: A $60,000 lawsuit liability is recorded and will be paid in 2022.

Fines: $20,000 in fines for pollution law violations in 2020.

2020:

Pretax Financial Income: $420,000

Depreciation Difference: $140,000/2 = $70,000 (Deferred Tax Asset)

Warranty Expenses: $30,000 – $20,000 = $10,000 (Deferred Tax Liability)

Lawsuit Liability: $0 (No tax impact)

Fines: $20,000 (Deductible)

Taxable Income: $420,000 – $70,000 – $10,000 – $20,000 = $320,000

2021:

Depreciation Difference: $70,000/2 = $35,000 (Deferred Tax Asset)

Warranty Expenses: $20,000 (Deductible)

Lawsuit Liability: $0 (No tax impact)

Fines: $0 (No tax impact)

2022:

Depreciation Difference: $0 (Fully reversed)

Warranty Expenses: $10,000 (Deductible)

Lawsuit Liability: $60,000 (Deductible)

Fines: $0 (No tax impact)

Journal Entry for 2020 Income Taxes: Debit: Income Tax Expense – $100,000 Credit: Deferred Tax Asset – $35,000 Credit: Deferred Tax Liability – $10,000 Credit: Income Tax Payable – $55,000

Edwards Company’s Contract Methods

Percentage-of-Completion vs. Completed-Contract Accounting: For the Percentage-of-Completion method, gross profit recognition depends on the progress of the project. Calculations require knowing the costs incurred, estimated costs to complete, billings to date, and collections for each year.

For the Completed-Contract method, gross profit is recognized only upon project completion. In this case, the gross profit for 2020 and 2021 would be $0, and in 2022, it would be the total profit of $720,000.

Journal and Adjusting Entries for 2020: Percentage-of-Completion Method: Debit: Cost of Goods Sold – $120,000 Credit: Construction in Progress – $120,000

Completed-Contract Method: No journal entry needed for 2020.

Balance Sheet for 2020 (Percentage-of-Completion Method): Assets:

Construction in Progress: $620,000

Liabilities:

Current Liabilities: $0

Long-term Liabilities: $0

Revenue Allocation for Theo Inc.

 Revenue Allocation Schedule: Theo Inc. sells equipment, installation services, and warranty contracts. For the sale to Armande Co. on July 1, 2020, revenue should be allocated as follows:

Equipment: $7,500 Installation Service: $8,200 – $7,500 = $700 Warranty Contract: $0 (Included in the total price)

Journal Entry for Sale to Armande Co. on July 1, 2020: Debit: Accounts Receivable – $8,200 Credit: Equipment Revenue – $7,500 Credit: Installation Service Revenue – $700

Adjusting Entry on December 31, 2020: No adjusting entry is needed if revenue was recognized correctly at the time of the sale.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Abbott Company reconciles financial and taxable income by considering various differences in depreciation, expenses, and fines. Edwards Company must choose between Percentage-of-Completion and Completed-Contract methods for recognizing gross profit in a construction project. Theo Inc. properly allocates revenue from equipment sales, installation services, and warranty contracts and records journal entries accordingly. Proper accounting treatments are crucial to ensure accurate financial reporting and compliance with accounting standards.

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