Utilizing Shaping Procedure to Enhance Eye Contact in Children with Autism: A Synthesis of Supportive Research

QUESTION

Synthesize the listed sources which support the use of shaping procedure on increasing eye contact in an 8 year old girl with autism. REFERENCES TO BE USED Fonger A. M., Malott R. W. (2019). Using Shaping to Teach Eye Contact to Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Behavior Analysis in Practice, 12(1), 216-221. doi: 10.1007/s40617-018-0245-9. Stuart, N., Whitehouse, A., Palermo, R., Bothe, E., & Badcock, N. (2023). Eye gaze in autism spectrum disorder: A review of neural evidence for the eye avoidance hypothesis. Journal of Autism & Childhood Schizophrenia, 53(5), 1884-1905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-022-05443-z  Silva, D. P., Fiske, K. E. (2021). Evaluating the effects of establishing eye contact on the skill acquisition of individuals with autism. Journal of Behavioral Education, 30(4), 708-723. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10864-020-09391-5  Carbone, V. J., O’brien, L., Sweeney-Kerwin, E. J., Albert, K. M. (2013). Teaching eye contact to children with autism: A conceptual analysis and single case study. Education & Treatment of Children, 36(2), 139-159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/etc.2013.0013

ANSWER

Utilizing Shaping Procedure to Enhance Eye Contact in Children with Autism: A Synthesis of Supportive Research

Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) often exhibit challenges in social communication, including difficulties in making and maintaining eye contact. The application of behavioral interventions, such as the shaping procedure, has garnered attention for its potential to improve eye contact in individuals with ASD. This synthesis examines the convergence of evidence from various studies, highlighting the effectiveness of the shaping procedure in increasing eye contact, particularly in an 8-year-old girl with autism.

Supportive Study 1: Fonger and Malott (2019)

In the study by Fonger and Malott (2019), the researchers employed the shaping procedure to teach eye contact to children with ASD. The results indicated that shaping was effective in increasing eye contact behaviors in these children. The findings underscore the viability of shaping as a method to address deficits in eye contact, providing evidence that supports its potential use for an 8-year-old girl with autism.

Supportive Study 2: Silva and Fiske (2021)

Silva and Fiske (2021) conducted a study evaluating the effects of establishing eye contact on skill acquisition in individuals with autism. Their findings revealed that shaping strategies resulted in improved eye contact behavior. This study further substantiates the efficacy of shaping in enhancing eye contact skills among individuals with ASD, further reinforcing its applicability in addressing the girl’s specific needs.

Supportive Study 3: Carbone et al. (2013)

Carbone et al. (2013) undertook a conceptual analysis and single case study focusing on teaching eye contact to children with autism. Their study highlighted the significance of behavioral interventions, including shaping, in facilitating the development of eye contact skills. The research demonstrated that shaping can lead to meaningful improvements in social communication abilities, aligning with the potential benefits for the 8-year-old girl’s eye contact challenges.

Supportive Study 4: Stuart et al. (2023)

Stuart et al. (2023) contributed to the discourse by reviewing neural evidence for the eye avoidance hypothesis in individuals with ASD. While not directly investigating the shaping procedure, their exploration of eye gaze behavior in autism further highlights the importance of interventions that promote increased eye contact. The findings indirectly emphasize the relevance of strategies like shaping for enhancing eye contact skills in children with ASD, including the 8-year-old girl in question.

In conclusion, the synthesis of these studies provides a robust foundation for the efficacy of the shaping procedure in increasing eye contact among individuals with autism, including an 8-year-old girl. These studies collectively demonstrate the positive impact of shaping strategies on improving social communication abilities and fostering positive outcomes. As the evidence converges, the shaping procedure emerges as a promising intervention to address the unique challenges of eye contact deficits in children with autism.

References

Fonger, A. M., & Malott, R. W. (2019). Using Shaping to Teach Eye Contact to Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Behavior Analysis in Practice, 12(1), 216-221.

Silva, D. P., & Fiske, K. E. (2021). Evaluating the effects of establishing eye contact on the skill acquisition of individuals with autism. Journal of Behavioral Education, 30(4), 708-723.

Carbone, V. J., O’brien, L., Sweeney-Kerwin, E. J., & Albert, K. M. (2013). Teaching eye contact to children with autism: A conceptual analysis and single case study. Education & Treatment of Children, 36(2), 139-159.

Stuart, N., Whitehouse, A., Palermo, R., Bothe, E., & Badcock, N. (2023). Eye gaze in autism spectrum disorder: A review of neural evidence for the eye avoidance hypothesis. Journal of Autism & Childhood Schizophrenia, 53(5), 1884-1905.

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