Improving Research Design: Critiquing Steph’s Study on Touchdowns Scored by the San Francisco 49ers

QUESTION

Steph wants to study football teams and number of touchdowns scored per season. Steph makes her predictor variable the team the San Francisco 49ers, and records the number of touchdowns the team made in one season. She concluded that there is a strong association between the San Francisco 49ers and touchdowns made per season. What critique do you give to Steph in order to improve her research design?

Group of answer choices

The predictor variable is a nominal variable, and the outcome variable is a continuous variable, which is not allowed when conducting a quasi-experimental study

Steph is actually using an observational study

A variable must have at least two values, so her predictor variable cannot be a single football team

Steph is actually using a true experimental design

ANSWER

 Improving Research Design: Critiquing Steph’s Study on Touchdowns Scored by the San Francisco 49ers

Introduction

Steph’s research aims to examine the relationship between the San Francisco 49ers football team and the number of touchdowns they score per season. While her study may provide some initial insights, there are several critiques to be addressed in order to improve the research design and enhance the validity of the findings. This essay discusses the limitations of Steph’s research design and suggests improvements to address these issues.

 Selection of Predictor Variable

One critique of Steph’s study is her choice of the predictor variable, which is the San Francisco 49ers as a single football team. This limits the generalizability of the findings and fails to capture the full spectrum of football teams and their performance. To improve the research design, Steph should consider selecting multiple football teams as predictor variables to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the association between teams and touchdowns scored per season.

 Observational Study

Another critique is that Steph is using an observational study design rather than a true experimental design. In an observational study, researchers observe and analyze pre-existing data without manipulating any variables. While this approach can provide valuable insights, it does not establish a cause-and-effect relationship between the predictor variable (football team) and the outcome variable (number of touchdowns). To strengthen the research design, Steph should consider employing a true experimental design, where she manipulates the independent variable (e.g., coaching strategy) and examines its impact on the number of touchdowns.

Variable Measurement

Steph’s research design should also consider the measurement of variables. She records the number of touchdowns as the outcome variable, which is a continuous variable representing a count. However, it is important to ensure that the measurement is consistent and accurate. Steph should clarify the method of counting touchdowns and ensure it is reliable and unbiased.

Conclusion

Steph’s research design examining the association between the San Francisco 49ers and touchdowns scored per season requires several improvements. By addressing the limitations mentioned above, such as expanding the selection of predictor variables, considering a true experimental design, and ensuring accurate variable measurement, the study’s validity and generalizability can be enhanced. These improvements will contribute to a more robust understanding of the relationship between football teams and the number of touchdowns scored per season, advancing knowledge in the field of sports research.

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