Understanding Adolescent Development, Parenting, and Children with Special Needs

QUESTION

1. The period following the onset of puberty during which a young person develops from a child into an adult is known as (2 points) 2. According to Erik Erikson, the critical psychosocial developmental need of an adolescent child during this stage are VS (2 points) 3. List 2 ways by which parents or guardians can positively support an adolescent child during this stage of their development. (3 points) 4. If you had the power to change one aspect of modern day parenting, what would it be, and why? Explain your response in no less than 150 words. (3 points). 5. Not all teenagers enter and exit adolescence at the same age or display the same behaviors. True or False? (2 points) 6. List three issues negatively impacting modern day parenting. (3 points) 7. How does culture, socio-economic status and the general environment affect one’s ability to parent? State your response in no less than 100 words and be sure to include a scholarly article. (3 points). 8. The most commonly found differences between children of teen mothers and those of older mothers are differences in cognitive functioning and psychosocial problems. True or False? (2 points) 9. What does it mean to have a child with special needs? How differently would one parent/raise/care for a child with special needs versus one without? Explain your response in no less than 150 words. Be sure to include at least 2 scholarly responses. (5 points).

ANSWER

Understanding Adolescent Development, Parenting, and Children with Special Needs

The period following the onset of puberty during which a young person develops from a child into an adult is known as adolescence.

According to Erik Erikson, the critical psychosocial developmental need of an adolescent child during this stage is identity versus role confusion. This stage occurs in early adolescence, typically from ages 12 to 18. During this time, teenagers grapple with forming a coherent sense of self and establishing their identities.

Positive support from parents or guardians is crucial during adolescence to foster healthy development. Two ways to support an adolescent child are

 Open Communication: Creating an environment of open and non-judgmental communication allows adolescents to share their thoughts, concerns, and feelings. Active listening and empathy are essential to make the child feel understood and valued.

Autonomy with Guidance: Providing adolescents with age-appropriate autonomy and decision-making opportunities while offering guidance and setting boundaries can help them develop a sense of responsibility and independence.

If I had the power to change one aspect of modern-day parenting, it would be to reduce the overreliance on digital devices and social media. Excessive screen time has become a prevalent issue, negatively impacting children’s physical and mental health, social skills, and overall well-being. Studies have linked high screen time to issues such as sleep disturbances, decreased physical activity, and increased risk of anxiety and depression in children and adolescents (Twenge & Campbell, 2018).

By promoting more face-to-face interaction, outdoor activities, and limiting screen time, we can improve children’s social skills, emotional regulation, and attention span. Implementing screen time guidelines, encouraging technology-free family time, and providing alternative activities can help children develop healthier relationships with technology and foster their overall development.

True. Not all teenagers enter and exit adolescence at the same age or display the same behaviors. Adolescence is a dynamic and individualized process influenced by various factors, including biological, psychological, and social determinants. Some adolescents may experience early onset of puberty and exhibit advanced cognitive and emotional development, while others may mature later and display varying behaviors. This diversity is a normal aspect of adolescent development.

Three issues negatively impacting modern-day parenting are

Digital Overload: The excessive use of smartphones, tablets, and other digital devices can lead to diminished parent-child interactions and hinder effective communication and emotional bonding.

Work-Life Balance: The demands of modern-day careers can strain family time and reduce the quality of parent-child relationships, potentially impacting children’s emotional development.

Parental Pressure: High expectations from parents to excel academically or in extracurricular activities can lead to stress and anxiety in children, affecting their overall well-being.

Culture, socio-economic status, and the general environment significantly influence one’s ability to parent. Cultural beliefs and practices can shape parenting styles and child-rearing practices (Bornstein et al., 2012). Socio-economic status impacts access to resources, education, and healthcare, which in turn affects parenting choices and child outcomes (Yeung et al., 2002). The general environment, including the availability of social support and community services, can impact parents’ stress levels and their ability to provide a supportive and nurturing environment for their children (Belsky, 1984).

False. The most commonly found differences between children of teen mothers and those of older mothers are related to socio-economic factors rather than cognitive functioning and psychosocial problems (Baydar et al., 1997). Teen mothers may face more challenges in providing a stable and supportive environment for their children due to factors like lower educational attainment and financial resources.

Having a child with special needs means that the child has physical, developmental, cognitive, or emotional challenges that require additional support and accommodations to thrive. Parenting a child with special needs can differ significantly from parenting a neurotypical child. Parents of children with special needs often need to navigate complex medical systems, advocate for appropriate educational services, and provide specialized care and therapy.

Parenting a child with special needs requires patience, understanding, and flexibility. It involves advocating for the child’s rights and needs while fostering their strengths and abilities. Research has shown that parental support and involvement significantly contribute to the well-being and development of children with special needs (Li et al., 2017). Building a strong support network, accessing relevant resources, and focusing on the child’s individual strengths are critical elements in successful parenting of children with special needs.

In conclusion, adolescence is a crucial stage of development during which adolescents strive to establish their identities. Positive support from parents or guardians through open communication and autonomy with guidance can aid in healthy adolescent development. Reducing digital overload and promoting a healthy work-life balance are vital in modern-day parenting. The impact of culture, socio-economic status, and the general environment on parenting cannot be overlooked, as they significantly shape parenting styles and child outcomes. Contrary to popular belief, the differences between children of teen mothers and older mothers are primarily related to socio-economic factors. Parenting children with special needs requires unique strategies that focus on advocacy, support, and emphasizing their strengths to foster their growth and development.

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