Applying the four stratification theories (gender, ethnicity, immigration history, income, or age)describe three difficulties that poor elderly women might face. How might stratification affect life expectancy and their approach to death and dying? use correct citations
Stratification theories offer insights into the various dimensions of inequality that individuals may face based on gender, ethnicity, immigration history, income, or age. In this essay, we will focus on the experiences of poor elderly women and discuss three difficulties they might encounter. Additionally, we will explore how stratification can impact their life expectancy and influence their approach to death and dying.
Economic Insecurity: Poor elderly women often face financial hardships due to factors like low-wage jobs, interrupted careers, and inadequate retirement savings. As a result, they may struggle to meet basic needs such as housing, healthcare, and nutritious food. Economic insecurity can lead to a diminished quality of life and increased stress and anxiety during their later years.
Healthcare Disparities: Poor elderly women are more likely to experience disparities in accessing healthcare services. They may encounter barriers such as limited access to health insurance, higher out-of-pocket costs, and a lack of transportation to medical facilities. These obstacles can lead to delayed or inadequate medical treatment, potentially exacerbating health issues and reducing their overall well-being.
Social Isolation: Aging women in poverty may face social isolation, especially if they live alone or have limited family support. The lack of social connections can lead to feelings of loneliness, depression, and a sense of being disconnected from the community. Social isolation can negatively impact mental and emotional health, making it challenging for them to cope with life’s challenges.
Stratification can significantly affect life expectancy and the approach to death and dying among poor elderly women. Studies have shown that individuals from lower socioeconomic backgrounds tend to have lower life expectancies compared to those from higher income groups (Lantz, House, Lepkowski, Williams, Mero, & Chen, 1998). Economic disparities lead to differences in access to healthcare and preventive services, impacting overall health outcomes and life expectancy.
For poor elderly women, the experience of multiple forms of stratification, such as gender and income inequality, can further exacerbate health disparities and affect their approach to death and dying. Many may face end-of-life challenges, such as difficulty accessing palliative care and hospice services, which can impact their ability to experience a comfortable and dignified death. Additionally, the stress of living in poverty during their later years may contribute to increased feelings of hopelessness and distress related to their mortality.
Poor elderly women experience multiple difficulties as a result of stratification based on gender and income inequality. Economic insecurity, healthcare disparities, and social isolation significantly impact their well-being during their later years. Stratification also influences life expectancy, with those from lower socioeconomic backgrounds facing lower life expectancies. The intersection of multiple forms of stratification can exacerbate health disparities, affecting their approach to death and dying. To address these challenges, policymakers and healthcare providers must work towards implementing comprehensive support systems, healthcare reforms, and social safety nets to enhance the quality of life and end-of-life experiences for this vulnerable population.
Lantz, P. M., House, J. S., Lepkowski, J. M., Williams, D. R., Mero, R. P., & Chen, J. (1998). Socioeconomic factors, health behaviors, and mortality: Results from a nationally representative prospective study of US adults. JAMA, 279(21), 1703-1708. doi:10.1001/jama.279.21.1703
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