Hehman, J. A., & Salmon, C. A. (2019). Sex-specific developmental effects of father absence on casual sexual behavior and life history strategy. Evolutionary Psychological Science, 5(1), 121-130.
Use the reference above to answer the questions. Carefully summarize the research design that the authors selected for this study. Do they use within-subjects or between-subjects design? What were the potential threats to internal validity and how did the authors control for these? Which statistical analyses did the authors choose to test their hypotheses or research questions?
The research study conducted by Hehman and Salmon (2019) explores the sex-specific developmental effects of father absence on casual sexual behavior and life history strategy. The study investigates the impact of paternal absence during childhood on the sexual behavior and life history strategies of adult males and females. Let’s delve into the research design, addressing whether within-subjects or between-subjects design was employed, potential threats to internal validity, and the statistical analyses utilized.
The authors adopted a cross-sectional research design for their study. They collected data from adult participants, which allowed them to compare the sexual behavior and life history strategies of individuals who experienced father absence during childhood to those who did not.
The research design utilized in this study is a between-subjects design. The participants were categorized into two groups: those who experienced father absence during childhood and those who did not. The researchers then compared the outcomes of these two distinct groups.
Selection Bias: There might be inherent differences between the two groups of participants, which could affect the study’s internal validity. For instance, individuals with absent fathers might come from diverse family backgrounds that could impact their sexual behavior and life history strategies.
Confounding Variables: Certain external factors not accounted for in the study might influence the participants’ outcomes. For example, socio-economic status or cultural differences could play a role in shaping sexual behavior and life history strategies.
The authors employed several strategies to address potential threats to internal validity:
Participant Matching: To minimize selection bias, the authors matched participants from both groups based on demographic characteristics, such as age, socioeconomic status, and cultural background.
Statistical Control: The researchers used statistical techniques, such as regression analysis, to control for potential confounding variables. By statistically adjusting for these factors, they aimed to isolate the specific impact of father absence on sexual behavior and life history strategies.
The authors used multiple statistical analyses to test their hypotheses and research questions. These included:
Independent Samples t-tests: To compare the mean differences in casual sexual behavior and life history strategies between participants with and without father absence.
Multiple Regression Analysis: To determine the unique contribution of father absence to casual sexual behavior and life history strategy, while controlling for other variables.
Hehman and Salmon’s (2019) study employed a between-subjects research design to investigate the sex-specific developmental effects of father absence on casual sexual behavior and life history strategy. The authors addressed potential threats to internal validity through participant matching and statistical control, allowing them to draw meaningful conclusions from their findings. By using various statistical analyses, they were able to rigorously test their hypotheses and provide valuable insights into the impact of father absence on adult sexual behavior and life history strategies.
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