Risk Factors and Forensic Psychology in Juvenile Justice

QUESTION

Compare the risk of exposure to violence for a juvenile within the prison setting versus being released to community supervision.
Explain the risk factors for juvenile offenders being tried and sentenced as adults versus as juveniles.
Explain the role of the forensic psychology professional in this process.

References

Baird, C., Healy, T., Johnson, K., Bogie, A., Dankert, E. W., & Scharenbroch, C. (2013). A comparison of risk assessment instruments in juvenile justice. Retrieved from https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/grants/244477.pdf
Baird, C., Healy, T., Johnson, K., Bogie, A., Dankert, E. W., & Scharenbroch, C. (2013). A comparison of risk assessment instruments in juvenile justice. Retrieved from https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/grants/244477.pdf
Greene, E., & Evelo, A. J. (2013). Attitudes regarding life sentences for juvenile offenders. Law and Human Behavior, 37(4), 276-289. doi:10.1037/lhb0000031
Katner, D. R. (2015). Eliminating the competency presumption in juvenile delinquency cases. Cornell Journal of Law and Public Policy, 24(3), 403-450.
Malloy, L. C., Shulman, E. P., & Cauffman, E. (2014). Interrogations, confessions, and guilty pleas among serious adolescent offenders. Law and Human Behavior, 38(2), 181-193. doi:10.1037/lhb0000065
National Association of School Psychologists, & National Association of School Resource Officers. (2014). Best practice considerations for schools in active shooter and other armed assailant drills. Retrieved from http://www.nasponline.org/Documents/Research and Policy/Advocacy Resources/BP_Armed_Assailant_Drills.pdf
Best practice considerations for schools in active shooter and other armed assailant drills, NASP, NASRO (2014). Reprinted by permission of NASP via the Copyright Clearance Center.

ANSWER

Risk Factors and Forensic Psychology in Juvenile Justice

Introduction

In the field of juvenile justice, understanding the risks and factors associated with juvenile offenders is crucial in determining appropriate interventions and legal decisions. This essay compares the risk of exposure to violence within the prison setting versus being released to community supervision for juvenile offenders. It also explores the risk factors influencing the decision to try and sentence juvenile offenders as adults or juveniles. Additionally, it discusses the role of forensic psychology professionals in this process, highlighting their contributions to assessments, evaluations, and recommendations based on research and best practices.

Risk of Exposure to Violence: Prison Setting vs. Community Supervision

Juvenile offenders face different risks depending on whether they are placed in a prison setting or released to community supervision. In the prison setting, they may be exposed to various forms of violence, including physical assault, sexual abuse, and gang-related conflicts. The prison environment can exacerbate existing behavioral issues and increase the likelihood of engaging in further criminal activities. On the other hand, community supervision provides an opportunity for rehabilitation and reintegration into society under the guidance and support of probation officers. Although community supervision is not without risks, such as exposure to negative peer influences or limited supervision, it generally offers a safer and more conducive environment for the rehabilitation and positive development of juvenile offenders.

Risk Factors for Trying and Sentencing Juvenile Offenders

The decision to try and sentence juvenile offenders as adults or juveniles is influenced by several risk factors. These factors include the seriousness and nature of the offense, prior criminal history, age at the time of the offense, presence of mental health or substance abuse issues, and the perceived amenability to treatment or rehabilitation. When determining whether a juvenile offender should be tried as an adult, the court assesses the level of culpability, the potential for rehabilitation, and the need for public safety. Risk factors that increase the likelihood of being tried as an adult include the commission of violent offenses, prior offenses, and the presence of aggravating factors such as premeditation or use of a weapon.

The Role of Forensic Psychology Professionals

Forensic psychology professionals play a vital role in the assessment and evaluation of juvenile offenders within the legal system. They contribute expertise in conducting comprehensive evaluations to determine the risk factors, mental health status, and amenability to treatment. These professionals conduct psychological assessments, including cognitive and personality assessments, to provide insights into the individual’s psychological functioning and potential for rehabilitation. They also assess factors such as competency to stand trial and the presence of any mitigating or aggravating circumstances. Forensic psychologists provide valuable input to courts, attorneys, and probation officers by offering evidence-based recommendations and interventions tailored to the specific needs of juvenile offenders.

Conclusion

Understanding the risks faced by juvenile offenders and the factors influencing their legal treatment is crucial in promoting fair and effective juvenile justice interventions. By recognizing the risks associated with prison settings and the potential for violence, policymakers can work towards creating more rehabilitative and safe environments for juvenile offenders. Similarly, considering the risk factors that influence decisions about trying and sentencing juvenile offenders allows for a more comprehensive and individualized approach to justice. Forensic psychology professionals play a vital role in this process, utilizing their expertise to conduct assessments, evaluations, and recommendations that consider the psychological, social, and developmental needs of juvenile offenders. Through collaborative efforts and evidence-based practices, we can strive for a more equitable and effective juvenile justice system.