The Importance of Observable Objectives: Avoiding “Know” and “Understand”

QUESTION

An important component of a good objective is that it is stated in observable terms. Why should we avoid words like “know” and “understand?” What would be some observable words we could use instead of the words we should avoid? Consider words from Bloom’s Taxonomy.

ANSWER

The Importance of Observable Objectives: Avoiding “Know” and “Understand”

Introduction

In the realm of education and instructional design, crafting clear and effective learning objectives is a fundamental practice. An essential component of a good objective is that it is stated in observable terms. However, it is advisable to avoid using vague terms like “know” and “understand” in learning objectives. This essay explores the reasons behind this recommendation and offers alternative, observable words from Bloom’s Taxonomy that can be used to enhance the precision and clarity of learning objectives.

The Limitations of “Know” and “Understand”

1. Subjective Interpretation

Using terms like “know” and “understand” in learning objectives can lead to subjective interpretation. What one person perceives as “knowing” or “understanding” a concept may differ from another’s interpretation. This lack of clarity can hinder assessment and evaluation.

2. Lack of Measurability

“Know” and “understand” are abstract concepts that are difficult to measure objectively. Instructors and assessors need specific criteria to determine whether a learner has achieved the desired level of knowledge or comprehension.

3. Inadequate Guidance

Learning objectives should provide clear guidance to both learners and educators. Terms like “know” and “understand” may not offer sufficient guidance on what actions or behaviors are expected from the learner.

Observable Alternatives from Bloom’s Taxonomy

Bloom’s Taxonomy is a valuable framework for developing precise and measurable learning objectives. It categorizes cognitive processes into six levels, each with its own set of observable action verbs. Here are observable alternatives for “know” and “understand” derived from Bloom’s Taxonomy:

1. Remember

Observable Words: Recall, List, Recognize, State, Define
Example Objective: “The learner will recall the key events of the American Revolutionary War.”

2. Understand

Observable Words: Explain, Summarize, Interpret, Describe, Compare
Example Objective: “The learner will describe the principles of supply and demand.”

3. Apply

Observable Words: Apply, Demonstrate, Use, Solve, Illustrate
Example Objective: “The learner will apply the Pythagorean theorem to solve real-world geometry problems.”

4. Analyze

Observable Words: Analyze, Differentiate, Evaluate, Examine, Categorize
Example Objective: “The learner will analyze the causes of economic recessions and their effects on employment.”

5. Evaluate

Observable Words: Evaluate, Assess, Critique, Judge, Appraise
Example Objective: “The learner will evaluate the effectiveness of different marketing strategies in promoting a product.”

6. Create

Observable Words: Create, Design, Develop, Generate, Construct
Example Objective: “The learner will create a multimedia presentation on the impact of climate change.”

Conclusion

Using observable words in learning objectives is crucial for clarity, measurability, and effective instruction. Terms like “know” and “understand” should be avoided in favor of specific action verbs derived from Bloom’s Taxonomy. These alternatives provide educators and learners with clear expectations, facilitate assessment, and enhance the overall learning experience. By choosing precise, observable words, educators can ensure that learning objectives are both meaningful and achievable.