How do biological, psychological, and social-cultural factors interact to produce specific psychological disorders? Consider disorders such as eating disorders in Western cultures, Amok in Malaysia, Susto in Latin America and Hikikomori in Japan.
b. Support your post. Provide a reference for one professional, peer-reviewed article in support of points addressed in your response. The reference should be APA formatted. Include an accessible link (e.g. UMGC Library generated Permalink) so your classmates can explore the article you have selected.
The emergence of specific psychological disorders is a complex interplay of biological, psychological, and social-cultural factors. Disorders such as eating disorders in Western cultures, Amok in Malaysia, Susto in Latin America, and Hikikomori in Japan underscore the diverse influences that contribute to psychological disorders across different societies.
In Western cultures, eating disorders like anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are often influenced by a combination of biological, psychological, and social-cultural factors. Genetic predisposition, neurotransmitter imbalances, and hormonal fluctuations may contribute to susceptibility. Societal emphasis on thinness and media portrayal of an ideal body image can trigger psychological distress, fostering a desire to conform to societal norms. Peer pressure, family dynamics, and individual personality traits further compound the development of these disorders (Le Grange & Jo, 2010).
On the other hand, Amok in Malaysia, characterized by sudden violent outbursts, may stem from a complex interplay of cultural norms, societal stressors, and personal vulnerabilities. Social-cultural factors such as strict hierarchical structures and societal pressure to conform to traditional norms may contribute to suppressed emotions and frustration. Biological predispositions and psychological vulnerabilities may amplify these stressors, leading to explosive episodes (Tan, 2013).
Susto in Latin America, a condition marked by a fear of soul loss, is deeply rooted in cultural beliefs and social norms. The notion of soul loss is influenced by cultural interpretations of traumatic events and personal experiences. The psychological distress experienced due to the fear of soul loss can be exacerbated by societal stigma, reinforcing the cycle of distress (Guarnaccia et al., 2010).
Similarly, Hikikomori in Japan, a phenomenon involving social withdrawal, reflects the interplay of psychological vulnerabilities and cultural norms. Societal pressures to excel academically and conform to societal expectations may contribute to feelings of inadequacy and isolation. These psychological struggles, combined with a sense of shame and social ostracization, may intensify the inclination to withdraw from society (Kawabe et al., 2019).
Overall, these examples highlight how the interplay of biological, psychological, and social-cultural factors influences the development of psychological disorders across different cultures. Understanding the multifaceted nature of these interactions is crucial for effective intervention and support.
Le Grange, D., & Jo, B. (2010). Developmental Trajectories of Etiological Factors in Eating Disorders. Psychological Medicine, 40(9), 1407–1417. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291709991970
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