Infection, shivers, sweating, starvation, loss of weight, and fatigue are typical disease symptoms.
Streptococcus mutans’ outer membrane antigens include glucosyltransferases, protein antibodies, and glucan-binding proteins.
Lowest sensitivity to phagocytosis and hence causes the least damage to tissues.
Certain Listeria infections lead to severe blood diseases, sepsis, or brain conditions, which lead to fatal illnesses.
Affect individuals 65 years or older, as well as persons with compromised immune systems.
Listeria illnesses can occasionally spread to other regions of the body, such as joints, ligaments, and areas of the upper torso (Zhang et al., 2015).
Lemon oil is an entirely natural component that may potentially be used as a home treatment.
It is produced from fresh lemon peel using a chilly technique that presses and spins the pulp as the oil is extracted.
It is relied on as a remedy for tiredness, anxiety, clearing the skin, killing dangerous pathogens, and reducing inflammation (Walker et al. 2017).
Abdollahzadeh, E., Rezaei, M., & Hosseini, H. (2014). Antibacterial activity of plant essential oils and extracts: The role of thyme essential oil, nisin, and their combination to control
Listeria monocytogenes inoculated in minced fish meat. Food control, 35(1), 177-183.
The article is helpful because it demonstrated the use of thyme oil in the control of the Listeria infection, particularly in fish meat. Abdollahzadeh et al. (2014) studies the role of thyme oil in the control of the Listeria Infection. According to the article, foodborne illness induced by Listeria monocytogenes has a 30percentage fatality rate among individuals. Cinnamon, thyme, and rosemary essential oils, as well as onion and turmeric extracts, were evaluated for antimicrobial efficacy against Listeria monocytogenes in agar wells and diffusion method experiments. The data indicate the most antimicrobial activities of thyme essential oils accompanied by essential oils of thyme. In particular, the study conducts experiments by adding it in raw meat and then comparing the results in cooked fish. The study also helps determine a helpful way through which the spread of the infection can be obscured.
Goudarzi, M., Mehdipour, M., Hajikhani, B., Sadeghinejad, S., & Sadeghi-Nejad, B. (2019).
Antibacterial Properties of Citrus limon and Pineapple Extracts on Oral Pathogenic
Bacteria (Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis). Int J Enteric Pathog, 7(3), 99-103.
The study by Goudarzi et al. (2019) examines the antibacterial properties found in fruit and particularly that in citric foods against bacterial infections. The article explains the effects of citric fruits used as antibacterial solutions in a bid to beat pathogenic bacteria that occur in the mouth. Bacteria immune to the majority of antibacterial drugs are quickly spreading, creating an essential need for the identification of new antimicrobial chemicals. Whilst, dental caries is a periodontal infection caused by bacteria, the study seeks to determine the antimicrobial activities of the bacteria and determine the effect of pineapple and citrus lemon extracts against the infection.
Yazgan, H., Ozogul, Y., & Kuley, E. (2019). Antimicrobial influence of nanoemulsified lemon essential oil and pure lemon essential oil on food-borne pathogens and fish spoilage bacteria. International journal of food microbiology, 306, 108266.
The study seeks to demonstrate that the usage of a nano emulsion built on lemon essential oil has the ability to be used as a sustainable antibacterial agent towards food-borne spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms in the fish processing sector. Through the use of emulsified lemon, the study conducts a comparison using fish to determine how pathogens behave during the process of spoilage and how lemon extract is used in influencing the behavior of microorganism to contain the process of decay. The study is relevant as it determines the influence of lemon extract in fish as a form of food and the impact of the extract on the process of decaying fish.
Jurevičiūtė, R., Ložienė, K., Bruno, M., Maggio, A., & Rosselli, S. (2019). Composition of essential oil of lemon thyme (Thymus× citriodorus) at different hydrodistillation times.
Natural product research, 33(1), 80-88.
According to this study, filtering time may be employed in plants which generate essential oil to improve the production as well as modify the composition of the aqueous extract.
The significance of this study is to establish the impact of distillation time on Thymus and citriodorus extracts, a rich commercially significant aspect of citrus, which has strong biological characteristics. Hydro distillation at various distillation durations was used to separate essential oils, which were then analyzed using different research techniques. The study aims to demonstrate the different components in essential oils at different times of distillation.
Jiamboonsri, P., & Kanchanadumkerng, P. (2021). Influence of Gallic Acid and Thai Culinary Essential Oils on Antibacterial Activity of Nisin against Streptococcus mutans. Advances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences, 2021.
Streptococcus mutans is a popular oral bacterium that can cause both a minor tooth issue and a potentially fatal infection. This study looks to determine the impact of gallic acid and other compatible essential oils against the microorganism. The article looks into the use of chemical treatments which can cause tooth discoloration and disruption of physiological processes in the body. Furthermore, the study seeks to determine various global health concerns, medically necessary disinfectant or antibiotic medicines which are no longer worth treating common oral illnesses owing to a growth in drug – resistant bacteria.
Wińska, K., Mączka, W., Łyczko, J., Grabarczyk, M., Czubaszek, A., & Szumny, A. (2019).
Essential oils as antimicrobial agents—Myth or real alternative?. Molecules, 24(11), 2130.
This article takes a look at the antimicrobial agent that is present in various essential oils and determines the extent of their effectiveness. It takes a look at by products such as thyme, lemon and other citric extracts and compares their effect on microorganism. This research is relevant as it helps eliminate any essential oils that may not be effective towards microorganism and therefore not effective as an antibacterial solution.
Swamy, M. K., Akhtar, M. S., & Sinniah, U. R. (2016). Antimicrobial properties of plant essential oils against human pathogens and their mode of action: an updated review.
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2016.
According to the article, essential oils are volatile chemicals, which during the Supplementary Metabolic Processes are produced spontaneously in various plants sections.
Shampoos have significant potential to degrade many bacterial, fungal and viral diseases in the medical sector. The article is relevant to the study as determines the effectiveness of essential oils towards the destruction of pathogens that are harmful in the human body. This study is medically relevance as it indicates the contribution of various herb extracts towards the destruction of microorganisms.
Shehata, S. A., Mohamed, M. S., & Abd El-Shafi, S. (2013). Antibacterial activity of essential oils and their effects on Nile tilapia fingerlings performance. Journal of Medical
Sciences, 13(5), 367.
This study examined five fundamental oil in-vitro antimicrobial properties. Furthermore, Nile tilapia fish was evaluated for the finest antimicrobial oil which is thyme oil. During first, two trials, the active ingredients of five medicinal plants were assessed for antibacterial activity.
The results of the study help create a lineup of the most effective essential oil extracts against microorganisms particularly in fish. This article determines the essential effect of thyme oil compared to other extracts and its action as an antibacterial agent.
Sandasi, M., Leonard, C. M., & Viljoen, A. M. (2008). The effect of five common essential oil components on Listeria monocytogenes biofilms. Food control, 19(11), 1070-1075.
In this study, the effect of five essential oils is examined against the Listeria monocytogenes bacteria. The experiment is conducted and the results are compared to determine the extracts that is most effective against this bacterium. These results of this study are relevant as they help determines the most effective herb when it comes to the development and procession of Listeria monocytogenes.
Yousefi, M., Khorshidian, N., & Hosseini, H. (2020). Potential application of essential oils for mitigation of Listeria monocytogenes in meat and poultry products. Frontiers in
Nutrition, 7.
The provision of nutritious and healthy food is one of the most critical issues for the food business. Without diverse procedures and the use of chemical compounds, this thus cannot be achieved. Variable synthetic preservative is widely used by the food industry to inhibit the formation of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms in order to enhance safety and increase the shelf- life of food items. The potential substitution of chemical antimicrobials might be explored for essential oils and their herbal extracts. This study is relevant as it observes the healthiest additives that can be used in meat preservation without contamination of the product.
The Effects of Thyme Oil and Lemon Oil to Combat Bacterial Infections by Streptococcus Mutans and Listeria Monocytogenes
Various studies support the use of essential oils as part of a therapeutic program supporting health initiatives. Thyme and lemon oil extracts are considered essential oils as their corresponding solution is used to treat various bacterial infections (Lemos et al., 2013). This essay explores the use of thyme and lemon extracts in combating bacterial infections by Streptococcus mutans and Listeria monocytogenes.
Streptococcus Mutans
Streptococcus mutans is a bacterium that commonly develops in the mouth (Lemos et al., 2013). The bacterium’s secondary habitats are the pharynx and intestines. Streptococcus mutans are microbiologically categorized as gram-positive as they are sound in shape and non-motile since they cannot propel themselves. However, Streptococcus mutans also act as causative agents in humans and animals’ diseases. For example, the bacterium is the primary cause of dental caries and infections such as dental plaque, among the most common diseases worldwide (Okada and Slade, 2005).
Streptococcus mutans gives its name to a collection of seven closely related species known as the mutans streptococci (Okada and Slade, 2005). The species consist of Streptococcus sobrinus, Streptococcus cricetus, Streptococcus rattus, Streptococcus downei, Streptococcus ferus and Streptococcus macanae. Streptococcus mutans can construct up glycogen reserves and the ability to produce extracellular polysaccharides (Avila et al., 2009). In addition, the bacterium acidogenic properties allow the production of extracellular polysaccharides in the presence of sucrose and glucose, which are present in dental caries.
Mutans streptococci and lactobacilli act as potent acidic suppliers (Lemos et al., 2013). The process starts with lactobacilli, a probiotic bacteria found in the human digestive system. Lactobacilli help break down food, mainly carbohydrates, into glucose for easier absorption. Mutans streptococci virulence properties can form biofilm on tooth surfaces accelerated by the absence of oxygen and the bacterium fermentative metabolism. The sucrose metabolization process leads to the formation of organic acids. In children, it takes approximately 6-24 months for tooth cavities to emerge after the appearance of the Streptococcus mutans bacterium (Lemos et al., 2013). The organic acid formed by the interaction of sucrose and Mutans streptococci reduces the pH in the tooth microenvironment to below the tooth’s critical pH, leading to demineralization.
Streptococcus mutans has been linked to the development of endocarditis. Endocarditis refers to the heart’s inner lining inflammation and is categorized as either acute or subacute. Streptococcus mutans bacteria are identified in subacute instances (Almoudi et al., 2018). The most common endocarditis symptoms include shivers, sweating, starvation, loss of weight, fatigue, muscle pain, nausea and shortness of breath. Streptococcus mutans-caused infective endocarditis is connected to the presence of particular cell membrane elements (Almoudi et al., 2018).
Streptococcus mutans outer membrane antigens synthesize various proteins capable of biding glucan. The antigens include glucosyltransferases, a catalyst used to synthesis glucan and non-glucosyltransferases, a glucan binding protein that maintains the biofilm structure. The presence of the cell surface antigens leads to the heart membrane having the lowest sensitivity to phagocytosis. Phagocytosis involves the process of ingesting and eliminating pathogens; thus, reduced susceptibility causes the least damage to pathogen tissues leading to cardiovascular diseases. In addition, Streptococcus mutans isolates lacking glycosyltransferases obtained from a damaged aortic valve are major contributors to life-threatening inflammation of heart valves (Okada et al., 2005). Besides, the bacteria adherence to abnormal heart valves initiates infective endocarditis.
Listeria monocytogenes is the infectious gram-positive bacterium that causes listeriosis illness (Lakicevic et al., 2015). Listeria monocytogenes are primarily found in moist environments, water, soil, decaying animals and vegetation. The pathogen can survive at extremely low temperatures; thus, its multiplication can occur at refrigeration temperatures. Listeria monocytogenes ability to survive at low temperatures significantly improves its potential to evade human control, particularly in food preservation. Listeria monocytogenes are transmitted when food is harvested, prepared, transported or stored in environments contaminated with the pathogen. In addition, animals can also spread the bacteria when they ingest contaminated foods.
The pathogen’s transmission to humans has led to several outbreaks of food-borne disease in the past decade. This outbreak of hazardous food-borne diseases has also been due to the pathogen’s ability to grow and replicate inside the patient’s tissues. As a result, a listeriosis patient has a fever, muscular pains, and occasional digestive problems such as nausea or constipation.
After a week, the disease progresses to the neurological system, symptoms such as migraine, neck stiffness, disorientation, dizziness, or seizures may develop (Orsi et al., 2021). These symptoms may last for days, from the onset of ingesting contaminated food to several weeks.
The bacterium causing Listeriosis monocytogenes is a potentially fatal infection pathogen. Healthy people rarely become ill from listeria infection, as it is mostly found in expectant women, the geriatric population and people with compromised immune systems (Orsi et al., 2021). The most common form of contamination among adult populations is improperly processed meat and unpasteurized milk products. Certain Listeria infections lead to severe blood diseases, sepsis, or brain conditions, which lead to fatal illnesses. Listeriosis has a mortality rate of about 24%, with unborn babies and newborns being the most affected.
Newborns exhibiting signs of listeriosis infection develop severe health complications that lead to lifelong health issues or death. Listeriosis illness can also lead to severe complications among pregnant women, including miscarriage, premature and stillbirth. Persons with compromised immune systems, such as individuals over 65 years or patients receiving chemotherapy, have a greater risk of contracting Listeriosis infection. Listeria illnesses can occasionally spread to other body regions, such as joints, ligaments, and areas of the upper torso (Zhang et al., 2015). The progression of the disease leads to septicemia and meningitis, which are life-threatening conditions.
Thyme is the herb of certain species belonging to the genus Thymus, a species of fragrant perennial evergreen plants in the Lamiaceae family of plants. Origanum, a species of oregano, is related to thymes as both their genera belong to the Lamiaceae family, a mint family like herbs (Feng et al., 2011). The thymus genus has cuisine, medical, and decorative benefits, with Thymus vulgaris being the most widely grown and utilized for food applications. Thymus vulgaris is mainly used as a flavoring agent in savory dishes such as roasted meat and tomato-centric soups.
Thyme includes compounds such as carvacrol, linalool and camphor that may aid in the treatment of fungal infections, as well as mild discomforts. Thyme is often combined with other herbal ingredients and used in dermatology to reduce skin hoarseness and liniments. Thyme is used to treat bronchitis, meningitis, stuffy nose, colic, arthritis, upset tummy, stomach discomfort, diarrhea, wetting the bed, gastrointestinal problems, parasitic infection and skin diseases. Thyme is also used to enhance urine flow, disinfect and stimulate hunger (Ivanovic et al., 2012). Thyme oils often serve as pathogen killers in mouthwashes to reduce bad breath. In addition, the oil extract is used to treat baldness and fungal infections in the ear. Thymol, a compound in thyme, is mixed with chlorhexidine to prevent tooth decay and relieve sore mouths.
Lemon oil is an entirely natural component that may potentially be used as a home treatment. It is produced from fresh lemon peel using a chilly technique that presses and spins the pulp as the oil is extracted. Lemon oil can either be applied directly to the skin or inhaled after diffusion. It is relied on to remedy tiredness, anxiety, clearing the skin, killing dangerous pathogens, and reducing inflammation (Walker et al., 2017). According to Walker et al. (2017), lemon essential oil is one of the numerous oils that can eliminate dangerous germs on the human skin leading to a clear skin tone. The Lemon essential oil extract and the oil’s ability to fight infection-causing germs and reduce skin irritation make it a good choice for cleaning wounds (Walker et al., 2017). Lemon oil extract is also used to relieve nausea and vomiting, especially in early pregnancy.
The use of essential oil extracts in combating the influence of bacteria has proven effective through natural herbs such as thyme and lemon. In their purest form, the solutions from the extracts play a role in the impact of infections caused by Streptococcus Mutans and Listeria Monocytogenes (Okada and Slade, 2005). The study identifies the various backgrounds of the bacteria and the infections they are likely to cause while determining how thyme and lemon extract can be used to mitigate their effects.
Abdollahzadeh, E., Rezaei, M., & Hosseini, H. (2014). Antibacterial activity of plant essential oils and extracts: The role of thyme essential oil, nisin, and their combination to control Listeria monocytogenes inoculated in minced fish meat. Food Control, 35(1), 177-183.
The article is helpful because it demonstrated the use of thyme oil to control the Listeria infection, particularly in fish meat. Abdollahzadeh et al. (2014) study the role of thyme oil in controlling the Listeria Infection. According to the article, food-borne illness induced by Listeria monocytogenes has a 30percentage fatality rate among individuals. Cinnamon, thyme, rosemary essential oils, and onion and turmeric extracts were evaluated for antimicrobial efficacy against Listeria monocytogenes in agar wells and diffusion method experiments. The data indicate the most antimicrobial activities of thyme essential oils accompanied by essential oils of thyme. In particular, the study conducts experiments by adding it in raw meat and then comparing the results in cooked fish. The study also helps determine a helpful way through which the spread of the infection can be obscured.
Goudarzi, M., Mehdipour, M., Hajikhani, B., Sadeghinejad, S., & Sadeghi-Nejad, B. (2019). Antibacterial Properties of Citrus limon and Pineapple Extracts on Oral Pathogenic Bacteria (Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis). Int J Enteric Pathog, 7(3), 99-103.
Goudarzi et al. (2019) study the antibacterial properties found in fruit and particularly that in citric foods against bacterial infections. The article explains the effects of citric fruits used as antibacterial solutions to beat pathogenic bacteria that occur in the mouth. Bacteria immune to the majority of antibacterial drugs are quickly spreading, creating an essential need to identify new antimicrobial chemicals. While dental caries is a periodontal infection caused by bacteria, the study seeks to determine the antimicrobial activities of the bacteria and determine the effect of pineapple and citrus lemon extracts against the infection.
Yazgan, H., Ozogul, Y., & Kuley, E. (2019). Antimicrobial influence of nano emulsified lemon essential oil and pure lemon essential oil on food-borne pathogens and fish spoilage bacteria. International journal of food microbiology, 306, 108266.
The study seeks to demonstrate that using a nanoemulsion built on lemon essential oil can be used as a sustainable antibacterial agent towards food-borne spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms in the fish processing sector. Through the use of emulsified lemon, the study compares using fish to determine how pathogens behave during the process of spoilage and how the lemon extract is used in influencing the behavior of microorganisms to contain the process of decay. Thus, the study is relevant as it determines the influence of lemon extract in fish as a form of food and the impact of the extract on the process of decaying fish.
Jurevičiūtė, R., Ložienė, K., Bruno, M., Maggio, A., & Rosselli, S. (2019). Composition of essential oil of lemon thyme (Thymus× citriodorus) at different hydrodistillation times. Natural product research, 33(1), 80-88.
According to this study, filtering time may be employed in plants that generate essential oil to improve production and modify the composition of the aqueous extract. The significance of this study is to establish the impact of distillation time on Thymus and Cassiodorus extracts, a rich commercially significant aspect of citrus, which has strong biological characteristics. Hydro distillation at various distillation durations was used to separate essential oils, which were then analyzed using different research techniques. The study aims to demonstrate the different components in essential oils at different times of distillation.
Jiamboonsri, P., & Kanchanadumkerng, P. (2021). Influence of Gallic Acid and Thai Culinary Essential Oils on Antibacterial Activity of Nisin against Streptococcus mutans. Advances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences, 2021.
Streptococcus mutans is a popular oral bacterium that can cause both a minor tooth issue and a potentially fatal infection. This study looks to determine the impact of gallic acid and other compatible essential oils against the microorganism. In addition, the article looks into the use of chemical treatments which can cause tooth discoloration and disruption of physiological processes in the body. Furthermore, the study seeks to determine various global health concerns, medically necessary disinfectant or antibiotic medicines that are no longer worth treating common oral illnesses due to drug-resistant bacteria growth.
Wińska, K., Mączka, W., Łyczko, J., Grabarczyk, M., Czubaszek, A., & Szumny, A. (2019). Essential oils as antimicrobial agents—Myth or real alternative?. Molecules, 24(11), 2130.
This article looks at the antimicrobial agent present in various essential oils and determines the extent of their effectiveness. In addition, it takes a look at by-products such as thyme, lemon and other citric extracts and compares their effect on the microorganism. This research is relevant as it helps eliminate any essential oils that may not be effective towards microorganisms and, therefore, not effective as an antibacterial solution.
Swamy, M. K., Akhtar, M. S., & Sinniah, U. R. (2016). Antimicrobial properties of plant essential oils against human pathogens and their mode of action: an updated review. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2016.
According to the article, essential oils are volatile chemicals, which are produced spontaneously in various plants sections during the Supplementary Metabolic Processes. Shampoos have significant potential to degrade many bacterial, fungal and viral diseases in the medical sector. Therefore, the article is relevant to the study as it determines the effectiveness of essential oils in the destruction of harmful pathogens in the human body. Furthermore, this study is medically relevant as it indicates various herb extracts’ contribution towards the destruction of microorganisms.
Shehata, S. A., Mohamed, M. S., & Abd El-Shafi, S. (2013). Antibacterial activity of essential oils and their effects on Nile tilapia fingerlings performance. Journal of Medical Sciences, 13(5), 367.
This study examined five fundamental oil in-vitro antimicrobial properties. Furthermore, Nile tilapia fish was evaluated for the finest antimicrobial oil, which is thyme oil. During the first two trials, the active ingredients of five medicinal plants were assessed for antibacterial activity. The results of the study help create a lineup of the most effective essential oil extracts against microorganisms, particularly in fish. Furthermore, this article determines the essential effect of thyme oil on other extracts and its action as an antibacterial agent.
Sandasi, M., Leonard, C. M., & Viljoen, A. M. (2008). The effect of five common essential oil components on Listeria monocytogenes biofilms. Food Control, 19(11), 1070-1075.
In this study, the effect of five essential oils is examined against the Listeria monocytogenes bacteria. The experiment is conducted, and the results are compared to determine the most effective extracts against this bacterium. These study results are relevant as they help determine the most effective herb when it comes to the development and procession of Listeria monocytogenes.
Yousefi, M., Khorshidian, N., & Hosseini, H. (2020). Potential application of essential oils for mitigation of Listeria monocytogenes in meat and poultry products. Frontiers in Nutrition, 7.
The provision of nutritious and healthy food is one of the most critical issues for the food business. Without diverse procedures and the use of chemical compounds, this thus cannot be achieved. The food industry widely uses the variable synthetic preservative to inhibit the formation of spoilage and pathogenic microorganisms from enhancing safety and increasing the shelf-life of food items. The potential substitution of chemical antimicrobials might be explored for essential oils and their herbal extracts. This study is relevant as it observes the healthiest additives used in meat preservation without contamination of the product.
References
Abdollahzadeh, E., Rezaei, M., & Hosseini, H. (2014). Antibacterial activity of plant essential oils and extracts: The role of thyme essential oil, nisin, and their combination to control Listeria monocytogenes inoculated in minced fish meat. Food Control, 35(1),https://www.academia.edu › Antibacterial_activity_of_p…
Almoudi, M. M., Hussein, A. S., Hassan, M. I. A., & Zain, N. M. (2018). A systematic review on antibacterial activity of zinc against Streptococcus mutans. The Saudi dental journal, 30(4), 283-291.
Avila, M., Ojcius, D. M., & Yilmaz, Ö. (2009). The oral microbiota: living with a permanent guest. DNA and cell biology, 28(8), 405-411.
Feng, W., Chen, J., Zheng, X., & Liu, Q. (2011). Thyme oil to control Alternaria alternata in vitro and in vivo as fumigant and contact treatments. Food Control, 22(1), 78-81.https://www.google.com/search?q=Feng%2C+W.%2C..
Goudarzi, M., Mehdipour, M., Hajikhani, B., Sadeghinejad, S., & Sadeghi-Nejad, B. (2019). Antibacterial Properties of Citrus limon and Pineapple Extracts on Oral Pathogenic Bacteria (Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis). Int J Enteric Pathog, 7(3), 99-103.
Ivanovic, J., Misic, D., Zizovic, I., & Ristic, M. (2012). In vitro control of multiplication of some food-associated bacteria by thyme, rosemary and sage isolates. Food Control, 25(1), 110-116.https://www.academia.edu/26105614/In_vitro_control_of_multiplication_of_some_food_associated_bacteria_by_thyme_rosemary_and_sage_isolates
Jiamboonsri, P., & Kanchanadumkerng, P. (2021). Influence of Gallic Acid and Thai Culinary Essential Oils on Antibacterial Activity of Nisin against Streptococcus mutans. Advances in pharmacological and pharmaceutical sciences, 2021.
Jurevičiūtė, R., Ložienė, K., Bruno, M., Maggio, A., & Rosselli, S. (2019). Composition of essential oil of lemon thyme (Thymus× citriodorus) at different hydrodistillation times. Natural product research, 33(1), 80-88.
Lakicevic, B., Nastasijevic, I., & Raseta, M. (2015). Sources of Listeria monocytogenes contamination in retail establishments. Procedia Food Science, 5, 160-163.https://www.google.com/search?q=Lakicevic%2C+B.%2C
Lemos, J. A., Quivey Jr, R. G., Koo, H., & Abranches, J. (2013). Streptococcus mutans: a new Gram-positive paradigm?. Microbiology, 159(Pt 3), 436.
Okada, M., Soda, Y., Hayashi, F., Doi, T., Suzuki, J., Miura, K., & Kozai, K. (2005). A longitudinal study of dental caries incidence associated with Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sobrinus in pre-school children. Journal of medical microbiology, 54(7), 661-665.
ORSI, R. H., Jagadeesan, B., Baert, L., & Wiedmann, M. (2021). Identification of Closely Related Listeria monocytogenes Isolates with No Apparent Evidence for a Common Source or Location: A Retrospective Whole Genome Sequencing Analysis. Journal of Food Protection, 84(7), 1104-1113.
Sandasi, M., Leonard, C. M., & Viljoen, A. M. (2008). The effect of five common essential oil components on Listeria monocytogenes biofilms. Food Control, 19(11), 1070-1075.
Shehata, S. A., Mohamed, M. S., & Abd El-Shafi, S. (2013). Antibacterial activity of essential oils and their effects on Nile tilapia fingerlings performance. Journal of Medical Sciences, 13(5), 367.
Swamy, M. K., Akhtar, M. S., & Sinniah, U. R. (2016). Antimicrobial properties of plant essential oils against human pathogens and their mode of action: an updated review. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2016.
Walker, R. M., Gumus, C. E., Decker, E. A., & McClements, D. J. (2017). Improvements in the formation and stability of fish oil-in-water nanoemulsions using carrier oils: MCT, thyme oil, & lemon oil. Journal of Food Engineering, 211, 60-68.
Wińska, K., Mączka, W., Łyczko, J., Grabarczyk, M., Czubaszek, A., & Szumny, A. (2019). Essential oils as antimicrobial agents—Myth or real alternative?. Molecules, 24(11), 2130.
Yazgan, H., Ozogul, Y., & Kuley, E. (2019). Antimicrobial influence of nano emulsified lemon essential oil and pure lemon essential oil on food-borne pathogens and fish spoilage bacteria. International journal of food microbiology, 306, 108266.
Yousefi, M., Khorshidian, N., & Hosseini, H. (2020). Potential application of essential oils for mitigation of Listeria monocytogenes in meat and poultry products. Frontiers in Nutrition, 7.
Zhang, R., Zhang, Z., Zhang, H., Decker, E. A., & McClements, D. J. (2015). Influence of lipid type on the gastrointestinal fate of oil-in-water emulsions: In vitro digestion study. Food Research International, 75, 71-78.
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